These creatures are as
large as the largest grubs; they grow all together in a cluster, and
they are usually about twenty in number.
Deer then, as has been observed, are without a gall-bladder;
their gut, however, is so bitter that even hounds refuse to eat it
unless the animal is exceptionally fat. With the elephant also the
liver is unfurnished with a gall-bladder, but when the animal is cut
in the region where the organ is found in animals furnished with it,
there oozes out a fluid resembling gall, in greater or less
quantities. Of animals that take in sea-water and are furnished with a
lung, the dolphin is unprovided with a gall-bladder. Birds and
fishes all have the organ, as also oviparous quadrupeds, all to a
greater or a lesser extent. But of fishes some have the organ close to
the liver, as the dogfishes, the sheat-fish, the rhine or
angel-fish, the smooth skate, the torpedo, and, of the lanky fishes,
the eel, the pipe-fish, and the hammer-headed shark. The
callionymus, also, has the gall-bladder close to the liver, and in
no other fish does the organ attain so great a relative size. Other
fishes have the organ close to the gut, attached to the liver by
certain extremely fine ducts.
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