One of the earliest
introducers of vaccination into America and an original investigator
into the cause of disease was Dr. John Crawford (1746-1813), of Ulster
Scots birth. As early as 1790 he had conceived what is now known as
the germ theory of disease. Dr. Adam Stephen, born in Scotland, died
at Martinsburg, West Virginia, in 1791, took part in the French and
Indian wars and was an active participant in the Revolutionary War on
the side of the colonists. The town of Martinsburg in Berkeley County
was laid out by him. Dr. George Buchanan (1763-1808), founder of the
Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, was a grandson of George
Buchanan, the Scot who laid out Baltimore town in 1730. Dr. John
Spence (1766-1829), born in Scotland, educated at Edinburgh
University, settled in Virginia in 1791, and obtained a high
reputation as a judicious and successful practitioner. The "father of
ovariotomy," Dr. Ephraim McDowell (1771-1830), was born in Virginia of
Scots ancestry and studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh.
James Brown McCaw (1772-1846), one of the leading surgeons in
Virginia for over thirty years, studied medicine in Edinburgh. He was
one of the first, if not the first, to tie the external carotid
artery, an operation he performed in 1807. He came of a race of
doctors, being the great-grandson of James McCaw, a surgeon who
emigrated from Wigtownshire in 1771. George McClellan (1796-1847) the
eminent surgeon and founder of the Jefferson Medical College at
Philadelphia, was of Scottish descent.
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