Alexander Milne Calder, born in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1846, began
life as a gardener, studied with Alexander Brodie and John Rhind and
in London and Paris, came to America in 1868, and is best known as
having made the sculpture for the Philadelphia City Hall including the
heroic statue of William Penn, which crowns the tower. His son,
Alexander Stirling Calder, born in Philadelphia in 1870, is also a
sculptor of note, and was acting chief of the Department of Sculpture,
Panama-Pacific Exposition, San Francisco, 1913-1915. Robert Tait
MacKenzie, born in Ontario, Canada, in 1867, son of Rev. William
Mackenzie, a graduate of Edinburgh, has created several groups of
athletes in action of great force and beauty. Dr. Mackenzie is a
physician and director of the Department of Physical Education in the
University of Pennsylvania.
Thomas MacBean, the architect of St. Paul's Chapel, Broadway, New York
City, built in 1764-66, was a Scot who received his training under
James Gibbs (an Aberdonian), architect of St. Martin-in-the-Fields,
London. John Notman (1810-65), born in Edinburgh, designed and
constructed some of the most important buildings in Philadelphia and
also the State Capitol, Trenton. James Renwick (1818-95), born in New
York city of Scottish ancestry, planned the distributing reservoir on
Fifth Avenue, New York, where the New York Public Library now stands.
He was one of the greatest architects in this country, and the beauty
of his work--to cite only a few of his most notable creations--is
amply attested by Grace Church, Calvary Church, and St.
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