He (and from him Pliny and
Apollonaris Sidonius), calls them _crypto-porticus_ (cloistral
colonnades); and Ulpian calls them _refugia_ (sanctuaries, or places of
refuge); St. Ambrose notices them under the name of _hypogaea_ and _umbrosa
penetralia_, as the resorts of voluptuaries: _Luxuriosorum est_, says he,
_hypogaea quaerere--captantium frigus aestivum_; and again he speaks of
_desidiosi qui ignava sub terris agant otia_.] saloons, (and sometimes
subterranean galleries and corridors,) for evading the sultry noontides of
July and August; of verdant cloisters or arcades, with roofs high over-
arched, constructed entirely out of flexile shrubs, box-myrtle, and
others, trained and trimmed in regular forms; besides endless other
applications of the _topiary_ [Footnote: "_The topiary art_"--so called,
as Salmasius thinks, from _ropaeion, a rope_; because the process of
construction was conducted chiefly by means of cords and strings. This art
was much practised in the 17th century; and Casaubon describes one, which
existed in his early days somewhere in the suburbs of Paris, on so
elaborate a scale, that it represented Troy besieged, with the two hosts,
their several leaders, and all other objects in their full proportion.
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